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| 1945 August 6 |
| | | An atom bomb is dropped on Hiroshima, destroying four square miles of the city and killing 80,000 people | |
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| 1945 August 9 |
| | | A second atom bomb is dropped from a US plane, this time over Nagasaki | |
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| 1946 |
| | | The first of about 20 US tests of atomic and hydrogen bombs is carried out on Bikini Atoll, in the Pacific | |
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| 1949 |
| | | The first Soviet atomic bomb, called by the Americans Joe One, is successfully tested in Kazakhstan | |
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| 1950 |
| | | In response to the Soviet atom bomb, President Truman announces a crash programme to develop a hydrogen bomb | |
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| 1951 |
| | | The first hydrogen bomb is successfully tested by the US at Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands | |
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| 1953 |
| | | The first Soviet hydrogen bomb is successfully tested at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan | |
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| 1962 |
| | | US intelligence reveals nuclear missile bases under construction in Cuba, causing an international crisis | |
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| 1962 |
| | | A deal between President Kennedy and Soviet premier Khrushchev defuses the Cuban missile crisis | |
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| 1972 |
| | | The SALT 1 treaty is signed by the US and USSR, limiting anti-ballistic missiles | |
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